In its very simplistic term, deep learning is the subset of artificial Intelligence design paradigm which is based on the philosophy to mimic the human way of learning.
Why it is called Deep Learning is mainly contributed to the usage of the term by Geoffrey Hinton (Deep). But, another philosophical interpretation may be that it helps the machine to go deep into the learning dimensions and not stay at a superficial level.
The neurons based on the extent of trigger fires and send signals for appropriate decisions.
In the same way machines generate experiential learning with the help of neural networks designed to facilitate the process of learning.
This leads to the question, what is the neural network and
how does it work. We will discuss that in Neural Networks.